Arthrosis - A disease that has developed over many years with predominant damage to certain joints.Very often, painful changes influence large joints: knee, hip, shoulder, etc.Pain and difficulty moving in them complicate the life of a person in a physical and emotional plan and taking into account that arthrosis is often at a young age, it can intervene in achieving professional and personal goals.This is why it is important to diagnose the disease as soon as possible and start the complex treatment of arthrosis.
Treatment of osteoarthritis
In the initial phase of arthrosis, conservative methods that do not involve surgery are used.In the meantime, the methods of the methods used allow to suspend the development of the disease, maintain motor activity, reduce the severity of the main symptoms of arthrosis and generally improve human quality.
- Pharmacological treatment
Used drug groups
- Fanss;
- GKS;
- Condroprotectors.
- PRP therapy
- Medical physical education
- Massage and manual therapy
- Extension therapy (traction)
- Physiotherapy
Methods of physiotherapy widely used for arthrosis:
- Magnetotherapy;
- Uhf;
- Editermia;
- Ultrasound therapy;
- Balnetherapy;
- Surgical treatment.
Treatment of osteoarthritis with drugs
Among patients, it is common that the use of drugs with an analgesic effect (orally in the form of tablets or injectively - intramuscular) is the most important method to remove pain in arthrosis.In fact, the use of drugs is a method of rapid pain relief, which should be prescribed only in the acute period.The fact is that the drugs widely prescribed for these objectives have serious side effects that intensify with prolonged intake and above all with uncontrolled intake.We are talking about side effects from digestive, cardiovascular and nervous systems, which with a high probability can bring the patient to a hospital bed (gastric bleeding, heart rhythm disorders, effects on the liver and kidneys, etc.).
Non -pounding anti -inflammatory drugs
Used drugs:
Fans -non -pounded anti -anti -inflammatory factors, many of them are released without prescription and are widely accepted by patients alone.This group includes drugs of various chemical structures, the most famous are diclofenac, indometacin, nenproxen (classic fans), more modern in Meloxicam, Nimesulide, Ketorolac.The listed drugs have an pronounced anti -inflammatory and analgesic effect, reduce pain in the joint and muscle tissue adjacent, but do not affect the development of the disease.They are used only to reduce symptoms in all phases of the disease.Effective with concomitant synovitis (fluid accumulation in the joint).
GKS - Glucocorticosteroid drugs (hydrocortisone, triamcinone, betametasone) have the strongest anti -inflammatory and analgesics effects.It is advisable and effective for their percentage of introduction.However, patients often refer negatively to the use of these drugs in the treatment, which are associated with possible side effects: these are infectious complications, deterioration of the conditions of ligaments, joint surface and cartilage degeneration.But with the risk of Peri -human of these complications, the risk of these complications is minimal.
Condroprotectors - glucosamine and chondroitin are natural components of the cartilage, which, if administered orally, contribute to the gradual restoration of the cartilage, normalize its density and elasticity.These active components are generally used overall, are part of various drugs and auxiliary products.The chondroprotectors do not have a rapid analgesic effect, an improvement with prolonged use of drugs based on them develops, which is associated with the partial restoration of the cartilage.Recommended in all phases of the disease.
PRP therapy
One of the most modern methods of recycled medicine, which is used for sports injuries and mono-dectophical diseases of the joints, is the PRP (Plasma rich in PRP) therapy or the Mobravitization of the Plase, the autoplasmic therapy.
The essence of the procedure It consists of the introduction of plasma enriched by platelets, directly in the place of the damage, in this case in the articulation.The drug for administration is obtained from the patient's blood, therefore the method is considered not only very effective, but also safe for humans.Growth factors and other biologically active substances (serotonin, bradyhinin, prostaglandins, etc.) contained in plasma thrombocus enriched by the thrombocytes, contribute to the activation of the regeneration processes and synthesis of their basic substances.
The resulting plasma, enriched with platelets, is introduced both percentage and directly in the articulation concerned, due to which a partial restoration of the tissues is reached, mainly the cartilage.
The methodology in the 1-2 stages of osteoarthritis is more applicable.It shows good results and allows you to delay the rapid development of the disease due to the release of growth factors by the platelets.The method is relatively new, but has shown its high efficiency.Prp therapy has been used for the first time in surgery, today the technique is successfully used in many areas of medicine, including rheumatology and orthopedics, neurology and cosmetology.The conduct of autoplasmic therapy allows you to increase the functioning of the joint without other aggressive interventions.
Synovial fluid steps - A group of drugs based on hyaluronic acid, which are introduced directly into the joint cavity (injection) and play the role of a knitting fluid in the event that the natural synovial fluid is almost completely absent (it provides the role of lubrication of joint surfaces).They are used in the late stages of arthrosis.
The medical remedies of this group are also called "synovial fluid prostheses", "biological substitutes for synovial fluid".The effect after the administration of drugs is long - from 6 to 13 months, depending on the medical product used.
Some are used Other groups of drugs - Antispasmodic, muscle relaxants, B vitamins in therapeutic dosages (high), but all have only an auxiliary value in the treatment of arthrosis.
Medical physical education
Special therapeutic gymnastics exercises can and should also be used during the exacerbation, in all stages of arthrosis.These measures can reduce pain and prevent restrictions pronounced in the movement of the joints.However, among the patients with arthrosis, the method is unpopular, since most of them are wrong, believing that with pain it is necessary to limit any movements.The timely beginning of physical exercises, on the contrary, contributes to a faster recovery and a decrease in symptoms, mainly pain.
Particularly effective physiotherapy exercises in water, joint movements in a drain position (lying, sitting, in a suspended position), moderate walk on a flat surface.If necessary, for example, with a pronounced pain syndrome, a special bandage can be set on the joint, but it is necessary to start physical education as soon as possible.
Massage and manual therapy
Mechanical effects methods on the joint, the muscles and the binding apparatus allow to reduce the severity of pain, increase mobility, improve blood circulation and metabolism in the area of the affected joints, relieve muscle spasm, normalize muscle function.
Extension therapy (traction)
In a hospital or in a medical sanatorium, traction therapy is possible: it is joint traffic (hip, knee) according to a special method that uses various loads.The standard traction scheme is designed for 28 days, with a gradual increase in loading and exposure time.Classic techniques are used and more modern using simulators.Their effectiveness is almost the same, but the simulators are more comfortable for the patient.
Physiotherapy
The use of various physiotherapy techniques in the initial stages of arthrosis allows us to obtain significant relief of pain syndrome and increase mobility in the affected joints.Physiotherapy courses contribute to a slowdown in the pathological process and extending the period without exacerbations.
Widely used for arthrosis of the physiotherapy methodology
Magnetotherapy - Local effects for constant or alternated low frequency magnetic field.In the area of the articulation concerned, the metabolic processes are accelerated, they increase blood circulation and the delivery of nutrients to joint structures,The processes of regeneration and synthesis of their substances necessary for joint work are activated.Magnetotherapy has anti -halltitude, analgesics, anti -inflammatory effects of almost the first session, which positively affects the general condition of the patient.Magnetotherapy is successfully used in hospitals and sanatoriums, where medical equipment of various changes are used.A huge advantage for arthrosis patients is the possibility of independent magnetotherapy courses at home, of purpose and under the control of the attending physician.The timely use of portable devices for magnetotherapy allows you to stop developing pain, the beginning of exacerbation or conduct a preventive path, or to maintain normal well -being.A positive moment of magnetotherapy can also be called the beneficial effect of the procedures on the state of the cardiovascular and nervous system.Given the fact that most of the patients with arthrosis are people of medium and advanced age, with an existing set of chronic diseases (arterial hypertension, coronary heart disease, atherosclerosis, etc.), a slight sedative and stabilizing effect of magnetotherapy will be very useful.
Ultrasound therapy It is used more often in combination with the effects of drugs with anti -inflammatory, analgesic, restoration effect (hydrocortisone, condroitin sulphate, indometarcoline, etc.) - ultrafonoforesis or sounds.Ultrasound increases the permeability of the fabrics for drugs, so their main action has improved.Even without a medicinal component, the method is highly effective for arthrosis: ultrasound has a mechanical effect on the tissues (micromassage), activates local immune and restoration processes in the joint and adjacent muscles, an analgesic and anti -inflammatory effect is expressed.
Laser therapy - One of the most common and widely used procedures.The therapeutic effect is based on the reflected expansion of the blood vessels above the focus of the pathological process.This leads to an improvement in the local blood flow, the activation of the metabolism, the removal of the underestimated metabolism and the decrease in pain intensity.Laser therapy due to the low penetration depth has a minimally pronounced systemic effect, while improving the therapeutic effect of other procedures.
Shock waves therapy - The high energy exposure method.It is based on a piezoelectric effect.The influence of the piezoelectric discharge on the pathological focus is achieved by a series of effects.Non -vital cells are destroyed, which leads to the activation of local immunity.Gybernic (inactive) cells are stimulated, which contributes to regeneration processes.At the same time, the intensity of pain syndrome is significantly reduced (although the procedure itself is painful).The undoubted advantage of the method is the use of the method once every 4-7 days.
Diadinamotherapy - The therapeutic effect method on the body with currents of dialing impulses.The diakinnamic currents used in this method rhythmically excommically excommically excite the skin receptors, which indirectly lead to the activation of the descending physiological mechanisms of the suppressed pain and lead to a decrease in patient's pain, up to complete analgesia.Therefore, these procedures are effective for severe pain.
Electromystimulation - Exposure to electric current on muscle tissue.With the arthrosis of great joints, the work of the surrounding muscles is disturbed, this leads to the atrophy of some and to the overload of others.Practice disorders are developing.If exposed to alternating electric current according to a special program, the muscles decrease rhythmically, performing a certain work, which leads to the restoration of their volume and function.
Cryotherapy - A simple and effective method of treatment, unfortunately, is rarely used.The local effect of the low temperature reduces the sensitivity of pain receptors and the synthesis of biologically active substances that stimulate the development of inflammation.After cryotherapy, a reflected expansion of the blood vessels occurs, the local blood flow is accelerated and recovery processes are activated.This method is particularly effective in combination with shock wave therapy.
Bathing
In the conditions of sanatorium and resort, hydrogenation is transported medical baths, including radonary arthrosis is particularly effective for arthrosis.A general effect on the body is carried out by the products of the radioactive decay of the radon dissolved in water.The most important effect is the activation of metabolic processes.
A similar effect, although less pronounced, is characteristic of the therapeutic mud (peloids), sulfur hydrogen and carbon dioxide.
Surgical treatment
The surgical methods are hospitalized in the late stages of arthrosis, when joint mobility is clearly limited or absent, which affects the quality of life of the patient.All over the world, various methods of joint endoprothetic methods are used, which allow you to completely restore the volume of movements and bring the patient back to active life at any age.
The tactics and the volume of the surgical intervention are determined by the attending physician, the choice is based on parameters such as the general condition of the patient, the age and the presence of concomitant, overweight and others.The best results after endoprothetics were obtained in young and middle patients (almost complete restoration of the volume of movements), but the elderly also have a significant improvement in the condition, since after the operation and recovery performed successfully they can fully provide themselves in the domestic plan and move not only within the apartment, but also to exit, not to limit themselves in communication.
Prevention
Arthosis belongs to the group of diseases of simplicity and develops mainly following age -related changes in the joints, improved by the influence of external negative factors.Attention to the state of the musculoskeletal system, the prevention of joint diseases and the treatment of arthrosis in the early stages allow to maintain motor activity and avoid enormous medical intervention in the future.